Ebook Download Language in the Brain, by Helmut Schnelle
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Language in the Brain, by Helmut Schnelle
Ebook Download Language in the Brain, by Helmut Schnelle
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Linguistics, neurocognition, and phenomenological psychology are fundamentally different fields of research. Helmut Schnelle provides an interdisciplinary understanding of a new integrated field in which linguists can be competent in neurocognition and neuroscientists in structure linguistics. Consequently the first part of the book is a systematic introduction to the function of the form and meaning-organising brain component - with the essential core elements being perceptions, actions, attention, emotion and feeling. Their descriptions provide foundations for experiences based on semantics and pragmatics. The second part is addressed to non-linguists and presents the structural foundations of currently established linguistic frameworks. This book should be serious reading for anyone interested in a comprehensive understanding of language, in which evolution, functional organisation and hierarchies are explained by reference to brain architecture and dynamics.
- Sales Rank: #3772839 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
- Published on: 2010-06-28
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x .51" w x 5.98" l, .85 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 248 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"The book is informative [and] ambitious."
Andrew Kertesz, The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
About the Author
Helmut Schnelle graduated in 1957 with a degree in Physics. His postgraduate studies between 1958 and 1962 included cybernetics, linguistics, and philosophy, leading to the first doctorate in philosophy on Leibniz' Arte Combinatoria. In 1967 he achieved a second doctorate (Dr. phil. habil.) based on the book manuscript 'Prolegomena for Formalization of Levels of Linguistics' and became Full Professor of Linguistics in Berlin. He has participated in US-supported research in theoretical and computational linguistics and in machine translation, including methodological discussions of linguistics at Hebrew University, research at the linguistic department of MIT and a study with Columbia University transforming east and west-European Yiddish language dialects into computer data. He has served as an academic consultant for IBM Germany in a project developing programs for practical uses of language. He is member of Academia Europea (London), Honorary Member of the Cercle Linguistique de Prague and in 2000 became Honorary doctorate at Bielefeld University, Germany. He was editor of the journal Theoretical Linguistics between 1974 and 2000. Helmut Schnelle also organised the first conference about language and the brain, on the occasion of awarding the honorary doctorate to Roman Jakobson and has since organized a 'Mind/Brain' conference in Paris. He is now continuing work with the Ruhr Universität Bochum, focusing on studying language in the brain and its organization of neural networks.
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
language, mind, body and the Other
By Daniele de Lutzel
Language and the Brain demonstrates that locating the organization of language in narrow areas of the brain's cortex is wrong. Language isn't merely articulation and hearing of sounds. Organization of meaning, understanding, cognition, feeling and reasonable action are particularly important especially concerning the understanding of other people's feeling and knowledge.
The book emphasizes the contrast of neural and formal structure analysis. According to Helmut Schnelle as a consequence, interdisciplinary research cannot be avoided.
0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A 2 side view of language: exciting neurology and boring linguistics
By Angel Melendez Cordoba
Basically the book tries to merge three separate disciplines, all of them related to language processing. The three disciplines are: linguistics, psychology and biology.
The book is interesting at first, taking the neuroscience approach. Unfortunately, the second part of the book turns to linguistics and language structure, which comes out as boring and very repetitive, sometimes even redundant.
Opinion:
Overall, the book makes an interesting attempt to combine three phases of language and explain them all. Neurology (biology), linguistics and psychology are all involved in language processing. As I said before, the neurology point of view is greatly enhanced when the author starts to talk about it's relation with linguistics and when he explains the process in which we understand concepts coming from abstract words. The author even explains how attention is focused not just into some words but to the ideas as a whole. While the book starts interesting, it fades down, especially in the final parts where it becomes boring and dull, explaining things too complex for simple language, things that just linguists know and understand.
Style and structure of the book:
The book is divided in two parts: the first one centers in the biology and the psychology disciplines, and the second one is focused on linguistics. Both parts attempt to correlate with the other, but only the first part is benefited from it. The second part makes few attempts to do so and is more focused on language structure and logic, which is a big letdown after a solid 1st part. Each part consists of 4 chapters, and each chapter begins with a little introduction where the main points of the previous chapter are retaken and the relationship between them and the new chapter is pointed out. Each chapter then has smaller sections where particular themes are discussed.
Synopsis.
Chapter 1: This chapter is about the aim of the book, and there is a good explanation about each of the 3 different disciplines that are, according to the author, the disciplines that are more important for language. There is also a good introduction to the nervous system and how the brain works, although some terminology might be difficult to understand if one is not familiar with biology concepts. Models for language are introduced, where areas of the brain are shown how they interact with external stimuli.
Chapter 2: This chapter tries to explain the organization of information in the brain. Ranging from perception of stimuli, attention to it and then reasoning of words. This process is called the preception-action system, and further explanation of the relationships between Wernicke's and Broca's areas with other parts of the brain, such as parietal lobe and prefrontal cortex, are explained.
Chapter 3: Discusses special mental functions that help in the understanding of processes in the cognitive cortex. Explanation of language/mental development in a child, with several stages, is given. Visual fields relationship with language is explained as well.
Chapter 4: This chapter focuses more on the integration of feelings, the mind state and the language concept for them. It explains that a lot has to do with our enlarged prefrontal cortex, which allows us to understand and relate the sensations from our body and actually be aware of them, and then be able to relate them to abstract words. Also, there is a discussion as to the selfness, if it's a product of the first person pronoun (which is proved wrong).
Chapter 5: Here the book jumps from the biological view to the linguistic view. This particular chapter tries to introduce linguistics to neuroscientists. A lot of this chapter includes previous concepts learned on previous chapters, albeit trying to emphasize the linguistics perspective. Sentence structure and syntax is introduced, as well as a very short introduction to theory of mind.
Chapter 6: Grammar is the main theme from this chapter. Rather than explaining grammar itself, the author tries to point out that grammar is not just a set of abstract words with meanings attached to them, but rather a brain activity based on a complex biological system, which ultimately produces psychological features. The author goes as far as to write: "Mind depends, via brain and body, on the objective world. This view is complemented by perspectives in which linguistic meanings are also grounded in social interaction."
Chapter 7: This chapter goes deeper in the grammar-mind field. Rather than focusing on perception of things, it focuses on the perception and acknowledgement of other people, on important aspects of internal human experience. Syntax and semantic structure is now aimed to sentences including actions from other people.
Chapter 8: In the final chapter, several models of language processing are presented. The author seems to have forgotten about the neural basis of language and is more concentrated on presenting the process of logic and reasoning that enables us to create language or conceptualize the words and noises. After some more structurizing of sentences, the author ends the book with a better model where the prefrontal cortex is the director of all the language process, helped by all the other parts such as Wernicke's and Broca's area, as well as parietal lobe and inputs from the visual cortex.
Best quotes:
"The second stage, from 2 to 7 years, is the representational stage, in which the child extends the use of symbolism to the domain of the own verbal articulation..."
This quote is part of a very interesting section of the book. It explains the stages of how humans acquire language, going from perception of stimuli when we are babies, to the acquisition of symbolic expressions, to representation of such symbols, concrete operations involving them, and the flourishment of logic and reasoning of language.
"The research group's fMRI results also indicate that the brain regions that are involved in receptive speech processing in infants are not limited to unimodal auditory regions. They extend to remote regions, including areas such as the frontal regions."
Here, localizationism is scratched, explaining that language is a complex activity that involves more than just the usual language related areas, such as Broca's or Wernicke's, but rather more areas that are more developed in humans than in animals, such as the prefrontal cortex.
"Prefrontal areas of the cortex organize attention-selected access to patterns of modal and multimodal levels of the perception-action hierarchy."
Here is where the first hint of prefrontal cortex as a director is given. It is the prefrontal cortex which enables most of the language processing.
"Whatever happens the ANS is indirectly connected with the prefrontal cortex via other midbrain components like the thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and cingulate gyrus."
Another prefrontal cortex related quote, this one explaining the importance of the prefrontal cortex when it comes to sensations within the body.
In the end, the book starts off great, grabbing my attention regarding the neurological bases of language. Given that language and communication is not as specialized on other species as it is on humans, the biology part of the book is very well written and the linguistic additions are helpful to understand the book. Unfortunately, the linguistics part has many holes regarding Neurology, and only until the end they try to add it when creating the models, leaving a very big room for improvement.
I would recommend this book if you are familiar or interested in linguistics, because the biology part will be very helpful to understand language processing. But, if you don't know about linguistics, this book will bore you and confuse you with a lot of semantic structures and such. Not recommended if you are looking for a neurological base of language processing.
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